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New York Journal-American
The ''New York Journal-American'' was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 to 1966. The ''Journal-American'' was the product of a merger between two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst: The ''New York American'' (originally the ''New York Journal'', renamed ''American'' in 1901), a morning paper, and the ''New York Evening Journal'', an afternoon paper. Both were published by Hearst from 1895 to 1937. The ''American'' and ''Evening Journal'' merged in 1937. The ''Journal-American'' was an afternoon publication.
==Circulation war==
Joseph Pulitzer's younger brother Albert founded the ''New York Morning Journal'' in 1882. John R. McLean briefly acquired the paper in 1895, but quickly sold it to Hearst.〔(23 June 1937) ((Hearst to Merge New York Papers: American will cease as separate publication ), ''Miami News'' (Associated Press story)〕 Hearst founded the ''Evening Journal'' about a year later.
Hearst entered into a circulation war with the ''New York World'', the newspaper run by his former mentor Joseph Pulitzer and from whom he stole the cartoonists George McManus and Richard F. Outcault. In October 1896, Outcault defected to Hearst's ''New York Journal''. Because Outcault had failed in his effort to copyright the Yellow Kid both newspapers published versions of the comic feature with George Luks providing the ''New York World'' with their version after Outcault left.〔Ian Gordon (historian), ''Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890-1945''. (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998), p. 33〕 ''The Yellow Kid'' was one of the first comic strips to be printed in color and gave rise to the phrase yellow journalism, used to describe the sensationalist and often dishonest articles, which helped, along with a one-cent price tag, to greatly increase circulation of the newspaper. Many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate the Spanish–American War of 1898 to increase sales.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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